• While longitudinal disease registries, such the international MSBase registry for multiple sclerosis (MS), frequently provide real-world evidence on comparative treatment effectiveness, these registry analyses are not typically designed to meet the needs of economic models used by payers and health technology appraisal (HTA) agencies.
• We describe the design and conduct of a propensity-score-matched analysis of treatment alternatives in MS using real-world data from the MSBase registry that explicitly accounted for the requirements of established cost-effectiveness modeling methods in MS.
• Specific comparative-effectiveness design elements informed by MS cost-effectiveness modeling requirements included the use of a common reference group for the treatments of interest and the estimation of disability transition probability matrices and relapse rates for the model health states.
• This integrated approach resulted in a real-world clinical and economic evaluation of treatment alternatives in MS with robust scenario analysis capabilities and structural flexibility that met global HTA standards
