Candrilli SD, Davis KL, Iyer S. Impact of constipation on opioid use patterns, health care resource utilization, and costs in cancer patients on opioid therapy. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother. 2009 Sep 1;23(3):231-41.
Mordin M, Anastassopoulos K, van Breda A, Vallow S, Zhang M, Gargiulo K, Hewitt D, Olson W, Sikirica V. Clinical staff resource use with intravenous patient-controlled analgesia in acute postoperative pain management: results from a multicenter, prospective, observational study. J Perianesth Nurs. 2007 Aug 1;22(4):243-55.